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34	2026	Preoperative Circulating Tumor DNA Detection and Risk Stratification in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Abstract Preoperative circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) detection may help identify patients with early-stage esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) who harbor occult nodal metastasis or are at high risk of recurrence. In this cohort study of 74 patients with clinical stage I (T1b) or stage II (T2N0) ESCC who underwent upfront curative surgery without neoadjuvant therapy, tumor-informed ctDNA sequencing was performed on preoperative plasma samples. Preoperative ctDNA positivity was significantly associated with both pathologic nodal upstaging and worse survival outcomes (recurrence-free survival and overall survival). Incorporation of ctDNA status into guideline-based risk prediction models substantially improved the ability to predict occult lymph node metastasis, particularly in the T2N0 subgroup. The findings suggest that ctDNA may be a valuable preoperative biomarker for refining risk stratification and informing treatment decisions in early-stage ESCC. Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether preoperative detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in patients with early-stage esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (clinical T1b or T2N0 ESCC) is associated with (1) pathologic nodal upstaging (occult lymph node metastasis discovered after surgery) and (2) postoperative recurrence and survival outcomes. The study also aimed to evaluate whether adding ctDNA status to existing guideline-based risk models could improve the prediction of occult nodal metastasis, particularly in patients with T2N0 disease where clinical decision-making regarding neoadjuvant therapy remains uncertain. Results - A total of 74 patients were included: 50 fr\|om Samsung Medical Center and 24 fr\|om Yonsei University Severance Hospital, all with clinical stage T1b or T2N0 ESCC who underwent surgery without neoadjuvant therapy.- Preoperative ctDNA was detected in 36 patients (48.6%) — 27 (54.0%) in the SMC cohort and 9 (37.5%) in the YUSH cohort. Detection was more frequent among patients with clinical T2N0 than T1b disease.- During a median follow-up of 37.7 months, ctDNA-positive patients had significantly worse recurrence-free survival (RFS) (HR, 4.15; P = .005) and overall survival (OS) (HR, 4.02; P = .006) compared with ctDNA-negative patients.- In the T2N0 subgroup specifically, ctDNA positivity showed very high positive predictive value for occult nodal metastasis, reaching 100% in the SMC cohort and 88.9% in the YUSH cohort.- In multivariable analysis, ctDNA positivity remained strongly associated with pathologic nodal metastasis (OR, ~19.98; P < .001), outperforming standard guideline-based risk factors (tumor size ≥ 3 cm, lymphovascular invasion, poor differentiation).- Incorporating ctDNA status into predictive models significantly improved the area under the ROC curve for predicting occult nodal metastasis (e.g., fr\|om 0.66 to 0.91 in the SMC cohort). Conclusions Preoperative ctDNA detection in patients with early-stage ESCC was significantly associated with occult nodal metastasis and poorer survival outcomes. Among patients with clinical T2N0 disease, ctDNA may serve as a complementary biomarker to current guideline-based risk criteria for refining preoperative risk stratification. Incorporating ctDNA status into clinical models could help clinicians identify high-risk patients who might benefit fr\|om neoadjuvant treatment escalation and support more personalized therapeutic strategies in early-stage ESCC. Prospective validation of ctDNA-guided treatment approaches is needed before clinical implementation. Preoperative Circulating Tumor DNA Detection and Risk Stratification in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma 링크보기	JAMA Surgery	링크보기
33	2026	Feasibility of tumor-informed circulating tumor DNA for detecting minimal residual disease in surgically resected biliary tract cancer Abstract We prospectively investigated the feasibility of tumor-informed circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) for detecting minimal residual disease (MRD) in patients with surgically resected biliary tract cancer (BTC). Personalized ctDNA panels were designed based on whole-exome sequencing (WES) of the resected tumor tissue for each patient. Two serial blood samples (preoperative and within 6 weeks after surgery) were analyzed. A ctDNA test was considered positive if two or more patient-specific mutations were detected. Among 18 enrolled patients, 14 were evaluable due to inadequate target variants or surgical inoperability. Preoperative ctDNA positivity tended to be higher in advanced stages and node-positive disease. After a median follow-up of 17.4 months, progression-free survival (PFS) at 1 and 2 years was 78.6% and 58.2%, respectively. Changes in ctDNA status showed three patterns (negative-to-negative, positive-to-negative, positive-to-positive). There was a trend toward poorer PFS with positive ctDNA both before and after surgery. Although limited by the small sample size, results suggest a possible role for tumor-informed ctDNA in detecting MRD in resected BTC and warrant further research. Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and potential clinical utility of tumor-informed ctDNA for detecting minimal residual disease in patients undergoing surgical resection for biliary tract cancer. The authors aimed to determine whether personalized ctDNA analysis could identify MRD and correlate with disease progression following curative surgery. Results Study Population and ctDNA Panels - 18 BTC patients were initially enrolled, but 1 patient was excluded due to inoperability and 3 patients were excluded due to too few tumor variants for panel design. Ultimately, 14 patients were analyzed. ctDNA Detection Before and After Surgery - Preoperative ctDNA was positive in 10 out of 14 (71.4%) patients. - Postoperative ctDNA was positive in 6 out of 12 (50.0%) patients with available samples. - The observed changes in ctDNA status were: √ Negative → Negative: 3 patients (25.0%) √ Positive → Negative: 3 patients (25.0%) √ Positive → Positive: 6 patients (50.0%) Correlation With Clinical Features and Outcomes - There was a trend toward higher preoperative ctDNA positivity in patients with advanced stage (III-IV) and node-positive disease, though not reaching statistical significance. - Among patients negative for ctDNA preoperatively, no progression was observed. - Five out of 10 preoperative ctDNA positive patients experienced disease progression. - Postoperatively, progression occurred in 3 out of 6 ctDNA positive patients versus 1 out of 6 ctDNA negative patients. Progression-Free Survival (PFS) √ After a median follow-up of 17.4 months, the 1-year PFS was 78.6% and the 2-year PFS was 58.2%. √ There was an apparent trend toward worse PFS in patients with positive ctDNA before or after surgery, though sample size limited statistical power. Conclusions This prospective study suggests that tumor-informed ctDNA analysis is feasible in surgically resected biliary tract cancer and has potential utility for detecting minimal residual disease. Positive ctDNA status both before and after surgery tended to correlate with poorer clinical outcomes, indicating that ctDNA may serve as a biomarker for residual disease and early progression. Given the small cohort size, these findings require validation in larger studies before clinical implementation. Feasibility of tumor-informed circulating tumor DNA for detecting minimal residual disease in surgically resected biliary tract cancer 링크보기	PLOS One	링크보기
32	2026	Clinical utility of pleural effusion supernatant cell-free DNA genotyping in previously treated patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer and disease progression: a multicenter retrospective study Abstract This multicenter retrospective study evaluated the clinical utility of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fr\|om pleural effusion supernatant in detecting actionable genomic alterations in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with disease progression after prior therapy. cfDNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) increased the detection of driver mutations compared with standard molecular testing. Specific genomic changes such as MET copy number gain (CNG) and MYC CNG were linked to poorer outcomes, demonstrating that pleural cfDNA genotyping is a valuable tool for guiding personalized treatment strategies in NSCLC. Purpose The study aimed to assess whether pleural effusion supernatant cfDNA sequencing can improve the detection of genomic alterations in patients with advanced NSCLC who have experienced disease progression after prior treatments, and to determine the clinical relevance of these findings in informing subsequent therapy decisions. Materials and Methods -A multicenter retrospective cohort of 95 advanced NSCLC patients with disease progression after at least one line of therapy was analyzed. -Pleural effusion supernatant samples were collected and subjected to cfDNA next-generation sequencing (NGS). -The results were compared to standard molecular testing to determine the frequency of actionable mutations detected. -Associations between specific genomic alterations (e.g., EGFR mutations, MET CNG, MYC CNG) and clinical outcomes such as progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated. Results -Initial standard molecular testing identified driver mutations in 73.7% of patients, whereas pleural effusion cfDNA NGS increased the detection rate to 85.3%. -Acquired EGFR T790M mutations were detected in a significant proportion of patients after progression on earlier EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, allowing effective subsequent therapy with osimertinib. -MET CNG in patients progressing after first-line osimertinib was associated with a significantly shorter median PFS (12.0 vs. 23.0 months). -In patients progressing after second-line osimertinib, MYC CNG was linked to significantly poorer outcomes. -cfDNA fr\|om pleural effusion revealed driver mutations even when tissue or plasma tests were negative. Conclusions cfDNA obtained fr\|om pleural effusion supernatant is a feasible and informative biomarker source for genomic profiling in NSCLC patients with disease progression. This approach increases the detection of actionable mutations and provides critical insights for personalized treatment, particularly in cases where tissue or plasma genotyping may be inadequate. Clinical utility of pleural effusion supernatant cell-free DNA genotyping in previously treated patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer and disease progression: a multicenter retrospective study 링크보기	ESMO Open	링크보기
31	2025	Analytical validation of a hybrid-approach combining tumor-informed and tumor-agnostic bespoke ctDNA panel assay for the sensitive detection of minimal residual disease Abstract This study reports the analytical validation of CancerDetect™, a hybrid ctDNA assay that combines tumor-informed bespoke targets and tumor-agnostic clinically actionable mutations to sensitively detect minimal residual disease (MRD). CancerDetect™ achieved an ultra-sensitive limit of detection of 0.001% with high specificity (99.9%), demonstrating robust performance for MRD detection. Purpose The purpose of this study was to analytically validate a hybrid ctDNA assay (CancerDetect™) designed to detect minimal residual disease (MRD) with higher sensitivity than existing liquid biopsy approaches. The assay integrates both personalized tumor-informed mutation targets and tumor-agnostic hotspot regions to expand the detection space and improve sensitivity beyond conventional fixed-panel methods. Materials and Methods -The CancerDetect™ assay combines large-scale mutation profiling with hybridization capture sequencing, integrating both patient-specific (bespoke) mutations and clinically actionable hotspot mutations across 15 genes. -Reference materials with serially diluted variant allele fractions (VAFs) were prepared to assess the limit of detection (LoD) and limit of blank (LoB). -The assay’s specificity, precision, repeatability, and reproducibility were evaluated using control samples, varying operators, reagents, and interference materials to simulate real-world testing conditions. -Analytical performance metrics were measured using deep targeted sequencing and proprietary error-suppression technology Results -CancerDetect™ achieved a limit of detection (LoD) down to 0.001% ctDNA, indicating ultra-sensitive MRD detection capabilities.-Analytical specificity was 99.9% for bespoke regions, with very low false-positive rates.-The test showed robust precision, repeatability, and reproducibility across operators and reagent lots, confirming consistent performance.-Matrix interference tests (e.g., bilirubin, wash buffer) demonstrated that the assay’s performance was not significantly affected by common plasma components.-The assay’s design ensures both high sensitivity and specificity, enabling reliable differentiation between true tumor signals and background noise. Conclusions This study demonstrates that the CancerDetect™ hybrid ctDNA panel assay provides ultra-sensitive and highly specific detection of minimal residual disease, outperforming conventional approaches. Its combination of tumor-informed and tumor-agnostic targets, along with robust analytical performance, supports its potential utility in clinical MRD monitoring to inform treatment decisions and improve patient outcomes. Analytical validation of a hybrid-approach combining tumor-informed and tumor-agnostic bespoke ctDNA panel assay for the sensitive detection of minimal residual disease 링크보기	PLOS One	링크보기
30	2025	Whole genome DNA methylation patterns in tissue and cfDNA associated with fibrosis reflect the complex signature of MASLD Abstract Whole-genome DNA methylation sequencing (WGMS) of liver tissue and circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in patients with MASLD identified fibrosis-associated methylation patterns in both sample types, along with clear sex-specific and immune-related signals. These results demonstrate the potential of cfDNA-based WGMS as a non-invasive approach for comprehensively monitoring MASLD-related fibrosis. Purpose The study aimed to investigate the relationship between whole-genome DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns and fibrosis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) by analyzing both liver tissue and circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA). Prior research on MASLD methylation was limited to specific CpG sites or tissue only, with little consideration of sex differences. This research sought to address these gaps and explore whether cfDNA methylation profiles could reflect fibrosis-associated changes non-invasively. Materials and Methods Liver tissue and cfDNA samples were collected fr\|om patients with MASLD. Whole-genome methylation sequencing (WGMS) was performed on both sample types. After quality filtering, the data were grouped by sex and sample type. CpG bins showing significant correlation with fibrosis stage using statistical filtering were selected. Pathway analyses were conducted based on genomic locations of significant CpG bins. Additionally, cell type deconvolution was performed to infer cellular contributions to the methylation signal, and comparative analyses between tissue and cfDNA profiles were carried out. Results The WGMS analysis identified overlapping and distinct methylation patterns associated with fibrosis across tissue and cfDNA, and between males and females. Pathway analysis revealed multiple fibrosis-related signaling pathways, including Wnt and Notch signaling, with sex-specific differences. Tissue samples showed immune cell signatures associated with fibrosis. cfDNA analysis reflected increased liver-derived DNA fragments and methylation changes similar to tissue patterns, indicating that cfDNA captures fibrosis-associated alterations. Predictive modeling using cfDNA methylation also showed potential for distinguishing fibrosis severity. Conclusions Whole-genome methylation sequencing reveals complex DNA methylation changes associated with MASLD and fibrosis in both tissue and cfDNA. The findings demonstrate that cfDNA WGMS can capture fibrosis-related epigenetic alterations and holds promise as a non-invasive diagnostic approach for fibrosis in MASLD, potentially enabling blood-based detection and monitoring of disease progression. Whole genome DNA methylation patterns in tissue and cfDNA associated with fibrosis reflect the complex signature of MASLD 링크보기	PLOS One	링크보기