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17 2024

Analytical and Clinical Validation of a Highly Sensitive NGS-Based ctDNA Assay with Real-World Concordance in NSCLC

ABSTRACT PurposeThere have been needs to improve the sensitivity of liquid biopsy. This report aims to report the analytical and clinical validation of a next generation sequencing (NGS)-based circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) assay.Materials and MethodsAnalytical validation was conducted in vitro by evaluating the limit of detection (LOD), precision, and specificity for various genomic aberrations. The real-world performance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was assessed by comparing the results of AlphaLiquid®100 to the tissue-based results.ResultsThe LODs with 30 ng input DNA were 0.11%, 0.11%, 0.06%, 0.21%, and 2.13 copies for detecting SNVs, insertions, deletions, fusions, and copy number alterations (CNA), respectively. Quantitatively, SNV/INDELs, fusions, and CNAs showed a good correlation (R2=0.91, 0.40, and 0.65; y=0.95, 1.06, and 1.19) to the manufacturer’s values, and per-base specificities for all types of variants were near 100%. In real-world NSCLC (n=122), key actionable mutations in NSCLC were detected in 60.7% (74/122) with the ctDNA assay. Comparative analysis against the NGS-based tissue results for all key mutations showed positive percent agreement (PPA) of 85.3%. For individual genes, the PPA was as high as 95.7% for EGFR mutations and 83.3% for ALK translocations. AlphaLiquid 100 detected drug-sensitive EGFR mutation at a variant allele frequency as low as 0.02% and also identified an EGFR mutation in a case where tissue sample missed. Blood samples collected post-targeted therapies revealed additional acquired mutations.ConclusionThe AlphaLiquid®100 ctDNA assay demonstrates robust analytical validity, offering clinically important information for NSCLC patients.

Cancer Research and Treatment

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16 2023 Experimental & Molecular Medicine

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15 2023

Personalised circulating tumour DNA assay with large-scale mutation coverage for sensitive minimal residual disease detection in colorectal cancer

Abstract Background Postoperative minimal residual disease (MRD) detection using circulating-tumour DNA (ctDNA) requires a highly sensitive analysis platform. We have developed a tumour-informed, hybrid-capture ctDNA sequencing MRD assay. Methods Personalised target-capture panels for ctDNA detection were designed using individual variants identified in tumour whole-exome sequencing of each patient. MRD status was determined using ultra-high-depth sequencing data of plasma cell-free DNA. The MRD positivity and its association with clinical outcome were analysed in Stage II or III colorectal cancer (CRC). Results In 98 CRC patients, personalised panels for ctDNA sequencing were built fr|om tumour data, including a median of 185 variants per patient. In silico simulation showed that increasing the number of target variants increases MRD detection sensitivity in low fractions (<0.01%). At postoperative 3-week, 21.4% of patients were positive for MRD by ctDNA. Postoperative positive MRD was strongly associated with poor disease-free survival (DFS) (adjusted hazard ratio 8.40, 95% confidence interval 3.49–20.2). Patients with a negative conversion of MRD after adjuvant therapy showed significantly better DFS (P < 0.001). Conclusion Tumour-informed, hybrid-capture-based ctDNA assay monitoring a large number of patient-specific mutations is a sensitive strategy for MRD detection to predict recurrence in CRC.

British Journal of Cancer

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14 2023 Cancers

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13 2023

Circulating Tumor DNA Dynamics and Treatment Outcome of Regorafenib in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

ABSTRACT   Purpose Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is emerging as a valuable non-invasive tool to identify tumor heterogeneity and tumor burden.  This study investigated ctDNA dynamics in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with regorafenib.   Materials and Methods In this prospective biomarker study, plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) samples obtained at baseline, at the first response evaluation after 2 cycles of treatment,  and at the time of progressive disease (PD) were sequenced using a targeted next-generation sequencing platform which included 106 genes.   Results A total of 285 blood samples fr|om 110 patients were analyzed.  Higher baseline cfDNA concentration was associated with worse progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).  After 2 cycles of treatment, variant allele frequency (VAF) in the majority of ctDNA mutations decreased with a mean relative change of -31.6%.  Decreases in the VAF of TP53, APC, TCF7L2, and ROS1 after 2 cycles of regorafenib were associated with longer PFS.  We used the sum of VAF at each time point as a surrogate for the overall ctDNA burden.  A reduction in sum (VAF) of ≥ 50% after 2 cycles was associated with longer PFS (6.1 vs. 2.7 months, p=0.002), OS (11.3 vs. 5.9 months, p=0.001), and higher disease control rate (86.3% vs. 51.1%, p<0.001).  VAF of the majority of the ctDNA mutations increased at the time of disease progression, and VAF of BRAF increased markedly.   Conclusion Reduction in ctDNA burden as estimated by sum (VAF) could be used to predict treatment outcome of regorafenib.

Cancer Research and Treatment

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